Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in the developed world, affecting over 10 million Americans. It typically impacts those over the age of 60, though it can also affect younger individuals. AMD is a painless condition that results in the loss of central vision. By affecting your central vision, it can significantly impact daily activities, such as reading and driving.
 

What is the Macula?

The macula is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed central vision. It is vital for activities that require fine visual detail, such as reading, recognizing faces, and driving. Damage to the macula disrupts these tasks, making it a critical area in eye health.
 

Types of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Wet AMD

Wet AMD is a more severe form of the condition, where abnormal blood vessels grow into the macula and leak blood or fluid. This causes rapid scarring and a significant loss of central vision. Wet AMD can develop suddenly, and early detection is crucial. Rapid referral to a specialist is essential, as early treatment can help slow or prevent further vision loss.

Dry AMD

Dry AMD is the most common type, accounting for around 90% of AMD cases. It occurs when the cells of the retina gradually deteriorate and are not regenerated. This leads to slow vision loss over time. While dry AMD progresses slowly, up to 15% of those with dry AMD may develop wet AMD, so it is important to monitor for any sudden changes in vision and follow up with your optometrist.
 

Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration affects individuals differently, and in the early stages, you might not notice any change in vision. As the condition progresses, however, you may experience the following symptoms:
 

• Distorted vision (straight lines appear bent)

• Dark spots in your central vision

• Fading colors or reduced color perception

• Difficulty adjusting from light to dark environments

• Blurred vision or a gradual loss of detail

• Shape, size, or color changes in objects, or they may disappear

• Sensitivity to bright lights

• Words disappearing while reading

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to schedule an eye exam with your optometrist for early detection and management.
 

Reducing the Risk of Developing AMD

Although the exact cause of AMD remains unclear, certain factors can increase your risk, including family history and age (especially over 60). To lower the risk of developing AMD, consider adopting a healthy lifestyle:
 

• Quit smoking to reduce the risk

• Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables

• Keep a healthy weight and engage in regular physical activity

• Some studies suggest that eating leafy green vegetables may help slow the progression of dry AMD.
   

Healthy Lifestyle Tips for Vision Protection:

• Stop smoking

• Eat leafy greens (rich in lutein and zeaxanthin)

• Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight
   

Treatment for AMD

Currently, there is no cure for either form of AMD. However, treatments aim to preserve vision and slow progression. Dry AMD Treatment In the case of dry AMD, treatments focus on helping patients maximize their remaining vision. This may include:
 

• Low vision aids, such as magnifying glasses for reading.

• Lifestyle changes like dietary adjustments and managing overall health.

Wet AMD Treatment

For wet AMD, treatments are more intensive. The goal is to stop the growth of abnormal blood vessels and prevent further vision loss. Common treatments include:
 

• Anti-VEGF injections: These medications help prevent abnormal blood vessel growth by blocking a specific protein involved in the process.

• Laser therapy: In some cases, laser treatment may be used to destroy abnormal blood vessels.

However, this is only suitable for a small percentage of wet AMD patients. While there is no cure for AMD, with proper treatment and management, the condition can often be controlled, helping to preserve vision.
 

Consult with Your Optometrist

If you have concerns about macular degeneration, or if you are noticing any changes in your vision, contact Pecan Creek Eyecare.

Our experienced optometrists can help you manage your condition, provide guidance on treatment options, and offer support for maintaining your eye health. Protecting your vision today is the best way to ensure a bright tomorrow!