Common Eye Disorders Explained

Common Eye Disorders & When to Seek Help

Many people experience eye disorders at some point in their lives. While some are minor and temporary, many require medical attention. Below are some of the most common eye conditions, their causes, and when to see a doctor.
 

Eyestrain

Eyestrain is one of the most prevalent eye issues and occurs when the eyes are overworked. It often happens after prolonged screen time, extended reading, or long hours of driving. Symptoms include tired or sore eyes and a mild burning sensation. Taking breaks, using artificial tears, and following the 20-20-20 rule (looking 20 feet away every 20 minutes for 20 seconds) can help relieve strain. However, if discomfort persists for several days, an eye exam is recommended.
 

Eye Redness

Eye redness is another common condition, often caused by allergies, irritants like dust or smoke, or a lack of sleep. In most cases, lubricating eye drops, rest, and allergy medications can help. However, if redness results from an injury, is accompanied by pain, discharge, or light sensitivity, or does not improve, it may indicate an infection such as conjunctivitis or another more serious condition that requires medical attention.
 

Night Blindness

Night blindness can make it difficult to see in low-light environments, such as dark rooms, movie theaters, or while driving at night. Some people are born with this condition, while others develop it due to nearsightedness, vitamin A deficiency, cataracts, or keratoconus. If the cause is a vitamin deficiency or cataracts, treatments such as supplements or surgery may improve vision. If night vision issues affect daily activities or driving safety, an eye exam is essential.
 

Strabismus

Strabismus, commonly known as crossed eyes, occurs when the eyes do not properly align with each other. This is not a condition that can be corrected on its own, but vision therapy, corrective lenses, or, in severe cases, surgery may help. If you notice misalignment in your or your child’s eyes, an appointment with an eye doctor is advised.
 

Nystagmus

Nystagmus, also known as shaky eyes, is a condition where the eyes move uncontrollably. This can be due to neurological conditions or inner ear disorders. Treatment options include vision therapy to strengthen eye muscles, and in some cases, surgery. If you experience involuntary eye movements that affect vision, an eye doctor can help determine the best course of action.
 

Color Deficiencies

Color blindness affects the ability to distinguish certain colors, most commonly red and green. This occurs when the eyes lack the appropriate cones needed to perceive these colors. If you notice sudden changes in your ability to see color, an eye exam is recommended to rule out underlying conditions.
 

Uveitis

Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. It can be caused by autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis, as well as infections or eye injuries. Symptoms include eye pain, redness, light sensitivity, and blurred vision. Treatment often involves anti-inflammatory eye drops and seeking medical attention is crucial. Since the eyes are delicate and essential for daily life, any persistent pain, sudden vision changes, severe redness, swelling, or light sensitivity should not be ignored.

Scheduling regular eye exams can help detect problems early and keep your vision clear and healthy.